Ice and Snow Create the Coral Forest

The forest at the nature preserve as been an interesting place to be for the the last week. A winter storm initially deposited a good dose of ice on the trees and then the ice was coated with a thick layer of wet snow. Below freezing temperatures prevailed afterward and preserved everything perfectly. The trails have been difficult to traverse due to numerous snow bound branches bending in all directions, but any trip through has been well worth it. My colleague, Natalie, referred to the woods as the "coral forest" and the metaphor is most apt. 

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Note how the snow only adheres to one side of each branch

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A flock of Canada Geese fly above the coral forest

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The foot trails were hard to discern in some places

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The scene down at the stream bed

The small Canada Hemlocks in the forest were made obvious by their laden  forms

A Raccoon sleeps in a hollow tree - He likely awaits improved traveling conditions

Beneath a canopy of low drooping White Pine boughs is a deer bed from the previous night

A White Pine reforestation field is transformed by the snow and ice coating

Looking back up toward Spring Farm from the White Pine field

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An American Beech - still retaining its leaves, receives a generous plastering of snow and ice

Natalie Parent coins the term "Coral Forest"

A deer is still able to move about fairly easily

From the White Spruce field comes a procession of very strange snowmen 

Interesting ice formations beneath the beaver dam

A crack in the pond ice looks like a river system as seen from space

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Just some ice beneath a footbridge

The Beavers' Prediction for the Upcoming Winter?

One of this years beaver kits swimming with purpose

Predicting the severity of an upcoming winter based upon animal behavior is a hazardous enterprise. I wouldn't indulge in it myself if it weren't for the fact that it provides some fun. Every year when the beavers at the nature preserve assemble their winter food cache, they provide us with a great opportunity to prognosticate. The purpose of the food cache is to provision the beaver colony through the winter months when ice cover prevents them from foraging away from the home pond. Is the size of the cache indicative of what the beavers believe they need to survive the winter? Can we then accurately predict the length and/or severity of the winter based on the mass of the food cache? I think not, and past years show no identifiable correlation between cache size and winter length or severity. But if we suspend fact-based disbelief for just a minute, we can "confidently" predict a humdinger of a winter - because this food cache is a big one. The beavers started working on it in August and as of yesterday they were still adding to it.   

The food cache is brimming over with edible branches and it's still growing

10 kinds of trees make up the cache but willow, poplar and birch are the most common

It's somewhat difficult to gauge just how much beaver food is contained in the food cache since the vast bulk of it is underwater. The top of the cache looks like a fairly well contained brush-pile. Most of the branches coming in are added at the bottom of the pile. Heavier pieces and less palatable branches are heaped on top in order to keep as much of the mass submerged as possible. When the pond is iced-over, the beavers need as much as possible of the cache to be in deep water and not locked in by ice. This way they can more easily draw on the reserve from the bottom for as long as they need to.

Two of this year's beaver kits have excelled at storing food - unusual for youngsters

The kit's relative light weight makes the chore of submerging branches difficult

Sheer determination and paddle-power finally drive the branch down

Usually the season's new kits are not big on storing food. They are much more likely to latch onto and nibble on food that adults are trying to convey to the cache. However this year 2 of the season's 6 new kits have taken on provisioning roles. Most of the real heavy work is being done by GenLo, a 2-year old male, but the 2 kits are showing great determination in getting the job done. I've watched them struggle to submerge large logs - pieces so big that an adult would have difficulty managing them. The kits don't always succeed, but they take failures in stride and quickly set off to find another more manageable branch to deal with. 

A kit takes a break from storing food

At night GenLo cuts down some stream-side Yellow Birch Trees

The tops of birches became entangled in the branches of other trees, which stopped them from falling

Poor GenLo had to keep cutting down the same 2 trees over and over

The same scene by day

Beaver sculpture

Quaking Aspen - the beaver's favorite dish - is one of the last deciduous trees to change color and loose its leaves

Another branch meant for the cache

The kit rolls into the water and tries to drag the branch in behind

The beaver's tail disappears last

A cutting job that would've taken an adult beaver about 20 seconds takes the kit a few minutes

Nearly cut through it

A kit tries to wrangle a large aspen log

Unable to sink it, he decides to nibble on it instead

Julia (the colony's matriarch) swims in front of a kit

Tippy (2 year-old female) feeds at the dam with a kit alongside her

A beaver canal extends from the 2nd pond and out toward a field of willow saplings the beavers have been harvesting

Looking downstream at the main beaver pond from a smaller headwaters pond

An active beaver dam is characterized by the fresh mud plastered against it and by freshly peeled branches

Many years worth of branches piled up on the downstream side of the dam